Annotation 10

Amanda Paul

English 104

Section #9

Instructor: Ogburn

                                                                                                                                       Assignment #14

                The authors of Uprooting Poverty The South African Challenge is Francis Wilson & Mamphela Ramphele.

            In this I looked at Hunger and Sickness but mainly mortality rates as there were many different ways of how people died. The authors main point in the section was how there were a majority of kids that did not make to their first birthday or even to their fourth birthday. That these children are living in areas they shouldn’t and cannot survive due to improper treatment for nutrition. In the last part of the book I looked at education.  The authors’ main point of education was how the children struggled in their education. Struggling with their education did not come from coming from a family in poverty but the fact that they were hungry when they got to school. Another point was that the resources the teachers had in South Africa were not enough to teach the children the way they need to be. This did not just affect colored African but also the White children in Africa.

            Poverty in this book written by Wilson and Ramphele is “Poverty is partly a matter of income and partly a matter of human dignity. It is one thing to have a low income but to be treated with respect by your compatriots; it is quite another matter to have a very low income and to be harshly depreciated by more powerful compatriots” (5, David Hamburg). This is showing how poverty is defined by David Hamburg thorough the world.

From the first section of Wilson and Ramphele they talk about mortality and what I found interesting was that “…infant mortality rate, averaged somewhere between 94-125 over the period of 1984-5, was considerably worse than the national average….” (108). What I took from this is that children are not getting the right treatment when they are little and their bodies just cannot live anymore due to poor health.  This age is talking before one year old.  Though the last one I found interesting from Wilson and Ramphele is “...50% of all deaths in Africans and coloureds occur in the 0-4 age group…” (110). I find this important because this is showing how children in poverty of any color die young. The last quote I found interesting had to do with education form Wilson and Ramphele is that “Whilst the general level of education of the population as a whole is improving the number of young illiterates, between the ages of 10 and 25, is highly disturbing. The current estimating, based on very rough calculations is that there are between two and three million [that is illiterates]” (138). This to me is very surprising but also helps show how much children in poverty struggle and will struggle as they go on in life.

            I see this source building on my reading by expanding on how countries are in poverty for example how East Berlin was in poverty. Along with Lucy Lamecks reading about poverty in Africa and how there are some rich areas but there is poverty and it is shown.  This relates to my essay by expanding the thoughts of poverty especially after reading about the resources and how they are struggling. “...Africans should take control of their own destinies and develop uniquely Africa ways to generate and distribute the wealth” (352). This is just showing they have to step up and show that they are able to live well behind poverty. The last quote that goes with this is from Gandhi “Every human being has a right to live and therefore to find the wherewithal to feed himself and where necessary to clothe and house himself” (334).  Saying everyone should have somewhere in life but poverty is showing there is not always room for everyone.

            I plan on using this source to look at poverty in different areas. It will answer the question I am asking by showing children in Africa do not have a choice in life. They go to school try to get an education but their home life prevents it.

            This source came from Alverno College. The authors are Francis Wilson and Mamphela Ramphele and they are experts. They went and did the research. There are different sections of the book but not chapters.

            I see this source connecting the others by showing how poverty affects many places just not one part of the world. They will have a conversation about how children are affected by poverty and how they cannot get the education they need. Even how hard it is for the children to survive with what they have in life which is nothing.

Work Cited:

Gandhi, Mohandas. “Economic and Moral Progress.” Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2^nd. Ed. Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. Page 334. Print.

   Lameck, Lucy. “Africans Are Not Poor.” Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2^nd. Ed. Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. Page 352.  Print.

Wilson, Francis. Ramphele, Mamphela.  “A matter of definition” Uprooting Poverty The South African Challenge. Claremont, South Africa: W.W. Norton & Company, 1989. Page 5. Print.

Wilson, Francis. Ramphele, Mamphela.  “Hunger and sickness” Uprooting Poverty The South African Challenge. Claremont, South Africa: W.W. Norton & Company, 1989. Page 108-110. Print.

Wilson, Francis. Ramphele, Mamphela.  “Literacy and Learning” Uprooting Poverty The South African Challenge. Claremont, South Africa: W.W. Norton & Company, 1989. Page 138. Print.

Annotaiton 9

Amanda Paul

English 104

Section #9

Instructor: Ogburn

      Assignment #14

The authors of Women and Children in the Health Care Gap are Jane Henrici, Ronald Angel, and Laura Lein.

            The writer’s main point is that a child living with just their mother struggles more in life. The authors pointed out that they struggle more in life in education and health. Another main point that the authors showed is that the women get blamed for the children’s poor education and health because they left the house to work. The last main point is that there is help out there but not enough to go around.

            Defining poverty and welfare varies with the readings you do. Though this book goes into income of a single mom with children and a low paying job which is what defines them as poor.  Throughout the readings in this book they talk about single moms, their children and how they struggle.  According to Barbara Arrighni poverty and welfare is

“..The median wage of a mom who transitions from welfare to work is about $8.00 an hour, her gross wage would be $15,406 a year. Although her annual income would then be more than the income a family receiving welfare, would still be poor. The difference: Now she has to pay for childcare, if it is available, her food stamp allotment will be cut, she will have to rely on food pantries to make up the food insufficiency, she will spend less time with her children and she will now work a second shift. For those who earn less than $8.00 an hour, the situation is more critical. The boom line is: “using a variety of measures, relatively more U.S. children are born into disadvantaged environments compared to 40 years ago” the safety net essentially has been removed for poor families and it would appear that policymakers on both sides of the aisle no longer view moms and their children as the deserving poor” (xiii).

Henrici, Angel et al. go to tell us that “Unfortunately, even though adequate health care coverage is necessary for a healthy  and productive life, a growing number of American families face the possibility of short-term or longer-term gaps in coverage”(56). This is trying to tell us that even if the families have some sort of the health care it may not give them the health care they need. The health care they get is usually just to cover the basic and won’t cover anything more than that.  The next quote by Henrici and Angel et al. go to say that single parent’s mothers need to go get jobs to keep their family living a decent life. “More, recently, mothers have been forced to work in the attempt to secure health care for themselves and their children. Unfortunately, given the types of jobs that poorly educated and low-skill women can get the effort is often futile” (58). Though not many of the mothers are able to get jobs because their education is low, they do not have a high school diploma which will prevent them from getting a job and keeping a healthy family. The last quote from Henrici and Angel et al. has to do with how hard the mothers work and not being able to make the income meet the need they need. “Even working mothers often need assistance with child care, medical care, food stamps and other problems areas to make ends meet”  (66). Mothers are trying to supply their children but do not make enough money to be able to meet needs for their children.

            I see this source building on the reading about poverty somehow by expanding the idea of children struggling in life and not making life the way it should be. It will expand the thought of poverty in the world and go into how it is mainly the women’s mistake for being in poverty because they are not home to take care of the house and their children.  I see this extending my see this connecting to the essay by just expanding that poverty affects health and education.  Children who do not have a supportive family will not go far. This relates to my essay by expanding the idea of poverty and looking more at how women impact poverty. There are no specific quotes from the book to back this.

            I plan on using this source to tell about how women get blamed for poverty and how the women working can affect a childs health and education. This will answer the question I am looking at by telling the audience how women working in poor families can lead to a failure of the Childs education and health.

            I found this source in the Concordia Library.  The authors are Health Care Gap are Jane Henrici, Ronald Angel, and Laura Lein. These are experts because they went out and did research of poverty of different families in different parts of the United States. This is a in a series of a book.

            I see this source connecting to the other annotation by showing that poverty is in everywhere. That it doesn’t just effect on place.  This is going to agree with most annotations by showing that poverty does effect a childs education and health.  Another conversation will be how poverty does effect a childs health and education but can be prevented by the children getting involved in different programs when they are younger.

Work Cited

Arrighi, Barbara. “Introduction.”Child Poverty In America Volume 4 . Barabara Arrighi. David Maume. Westport, Connecticut. Praeger Perspecitives 2007.  Page xiii. Print.

Henricic, Jane. Angel, Ronalds. Et al. “Women and Children in the Health Care Gap.” Child

Poverty In America Volume 4. 2 Barabara Arrighi. David Maume. Westport, Connecticut. Praeger Perspecitives. 2007. Page 56-66. Print.

Annotation 8

Amanda Paul

English 104

Section #9

Instructor: Ogburn

      Assignment #13

The Authors of Economic Deprivation and Early Childhood Development are Greg Duncan and Jeanne Brooks-Genn et al. The authors main points of the article was to show that it’s just not immigrants that struggle in poverty that there are whites that struggle with poverty.  Along with showing that poverty does effect the education of the children in poverty. Another main point was that children in poverty that came just from singe parented families struggled more in school and generally did not succeed as much. The last main topic was that economically it did effect a child’s education and health.

            A quote from Duncan and Genn et al. is showing the values that affect a child in poverty.  This quote goes to show that if kids do not live in a great area they will struggle more and all of this will affect how they grow up. Duncan and Genn et al. go to say

“…neighborhood resources explanations, based on the beneficial effects of higher-quality public and private services; contagion theories, based primarily on power of peer influences to spread problem behavior; theories of collective socialization, in which neighborhood role models and monitoring are important ingredients in a child’s socialization; competition theories, in which  neighbors compete for scarce neighborhood resources; and theories of relative deprivation, in which individuals evaluate their instuation or relative standing vis-avis their neighbors” (298)

Duncan and Genn go to define what poverty in the United States is. This is important because they are defining what the poverty level is in the United States. Duncan and Genn et al. go to say

            “Family-level poverty. - The measurement of “official” U.S. Poverty is based on a set of income thresholds that were developed in the 1960s and are adjusted each year for changes in the cost of living using the Consumer Price Index. In 1991, U.S. poverty thresholds for families of three, four, and five persons were $10,860, $13,924, and $16,460, respectively. Families with annual cash incomes, before taxes, that exceed these thresholds are considered “not poor,” while families with income falling below them are poor” (300).

The last quote that I found that will be important is talking about schooling of the children. The authors looked at the mother’s education and the child’s educations. According to Duncan and Gunn et al.

“Mother’s school has a highly significant beneficial association with all three outcomes, whereas living arrangement in which a female head is present all of the time or at least at the time of 60-month measurement have signified can detrimental effects. Before adjustment for family income  differences,  children living with never-married mothers all the time have 5-point lower IQs and 4-point higher internalizing and 3-point higher externalizing scores on the behavior-problem index than children in families in which there was never a female head” (305).

            I see this source building on the reading I did so far by expanding on poverty in the United States and how it is just not all immigrants that struggle. I see this extending on it by showing that whites also struggle in the United States and the United States is known as rich country. This relates to Lucy Lameck by her arguing that “… I don’t agree at all that our country is poor and that Tanzanians are poor people. Our country today has value, it has riches, it has culture, it has people, it has agriculture, it has good land it has animals, different types of livestock, minerals…” (353). This will agree with this article that the United States is not poor though the researchers are showing that the country is poor in some parts just like Tanzania.

            I plan on using this source to show that there is poverty in the United States. Also, to show that it is just not immigrants that is not poor that there are whites that are also poor in the United States. I see this source to answer the question about poverty and how growing up in poverty will effect education of the child. Also it shows family history of the parents not graduating high school and how it affects the children while they are little and still affect them were they do not succeed to graduate high school.

            I found this source on JSTOR, the authors are Greg Duncan, Brooks-Genn etc.  These authors are all experts in this field. They are experts because they went and did studies on poverty and children.  This came from the Journal of Society for Research in Child Development. The article is Volume 65 and number 2 of Children and Poverty. 

             I see this source connecting  others that I have been annotating by showing that poverty is seen in whites were other articles do not say what race they looked at. This will agree though that education is affected by poverty. Along with that the marriage of the parent also affects the children’s education.

Works Cited

Duncan, Greg. Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne. Et al. “Economic Deprivation and Early Childhood

Development.”  Child Development Vol 65. 2(1994): Page 298-305. Print.

Lameck, Lucy. “Africans Are Not Poor.” Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2^nd. Ed.

Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. Page 353. Print.

Annotation 7

Amanda Paul

English 104

Section #9

Instructor: Ogburn

      Assignment #13

The Authors of The Relationship between Poverty and Child Health: Long-Range Implications is Gail Aitkin and Andy Mitchell. These writers main point is that poverty in Canada is quite popular. There is quite of few people in poverty. Though they show that poverty affects children’s health and educations and most children in poverty do not graduate high school. Another point is that Canada is trying to write policies to decrease poverty and they are giving families that are in debt options to help their children succeed in school and life.

            Aitkin and Mitchell show that “As the ranks of the working and unemployed poor swell, it is abundantly clear that a growing number of children are cheated of the opportunity to become fully functioning, healthy adults” (20). The authors are trying to tell the readers that children in poverty will not live that long and if they live a long life it will not be a successful life. I take it to be telling me that children in poverty will not live long due to their parent’s mistakes.  Another quote from Aitkin and Mitchell is “Children’s health and well-being cannot help but be affected by such profound chances in their environment as parental unemployment” (23). They are saying that children living in an environment where their parents do not work are not living in a safe environment. This is because it is not a stable life, most likely where they live is not safe because of the chemicals in the house and they are not taking proper care of the house. This to me is saying that children in poverty should not live in houses like this, that if the parents cannot afford a house that is safe the children should not be living with them. This could put their lives more at risk if they are in a bad housing environment. As this has had to deal with health I will now move onto education from Aitkin and Mitchell they go to quote “Radwanki  attributed the disadvantages experienced by students from poor families in the school system to poorer learning enivomrnents, more crowded and less private study space, less parental involvement in school work, and lower parental expectations for their children. Moreover, the streaming practices of public schools meant that the education system, rather than providing equality of opportunity, actually ghettoized children to “lower tiers of education characterized by low expectations and lack of clearly defined intended outcomes, from which they are statistically unlikely to graduate and in which they will have learned comparatively little even if they do remain in school”” (27). Radwanski is trying to show people that if children in poverty do not have the right support they will do well in life. For me this is telling me that children in poverty need extra attention to succeed in school and life.

            I see this source building on the readings I have done in this course by looking outside of Africa and East Berlin and looking at another country that is poor. This will build by showing  the Canadians that are in poverty are most likely getting paid minimum wage which was shown in Yunus Muhhamds writing about talking about how East Berlin’s people struggled and showed it by talking to different citizens the East Berlin that were poor for example a women that sold Baboo made “five taka and fifty poysha” (371). Muammad Yunus is showing that people did not make enough money to live and that is true up in Canada and around other places and Is found everyone someone looks . I see it relating to my paper by expananding on other countries bestride Africa and East Berlin that were in trouble financial and saw their people struggling.

            I plan on using this source to answer the question that I came up by reading the text by showing that other countries struggle that it’s just not out east. Also by actually answering does survival rate get affected and education because this resource from Canada has the answers to an extent.

            I found this source online on Google scholars. The author of this is Gail Aitkin from the School of Social Work and Andy Mitchell and he is from Social Planning Council of Metropolitan Toronto. They are experts they went and did research and looked up at other articles that had to do with poverty and then went out and did surveys and looked at other surveys through Canada. This is in a Journal of CRSP/RCPS.

            I see this source connect to the other annotations I did by showing that poverty does effect education and health. This source may have an agreement considering this Canada and the United States so there are some differences but not many.

Work Cited

Aitken, Gail. Mitchell, Andy. “The Relationship Between Poverty and Child Health: Long-Range Implications.” CRSP/RCPS No. 35. (1995). Page 19-27. Print.

Muhammad Yunus. “The Stool Makers of Jobra Villager.” Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2^nd. Ed. Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. Page 377. Print.

Annotation 6

                Note: I will focus on mainly from 2000

Amy Glasmeier goes in America and looks at poverty from 1960-2003. Her main point of this book which is actually at atlas is to show poverty throughout the United States and how much poverty there really is.  The author goes through to show how education and health are really affected by poverty.

Glasmeier goes to tell us that in “2001, twelve million children under the age of 18 lived in poverty in the United States” (6). This is showing that there is a ton of poverty in the States and poverty is just not found overseas.  Glasmeiere states that education is most affected in the Central Appalachian “...below the national average in all but a few counties.  In many counties in the region, high school completion rate for 2000 are still below the national average” (53).  She is trying to tell us out on the west coast there is more poverty then anywhere else.

 I see this source building on poverty from the reading I did to show that there is poverty in America and not just in Africa. This will be inspired by the work I did in my essay by showing that poverty is found in rich areas just like Gandhi saw in Africa. He “did not advance the moral struggle of passive resistance as did the poor. The rich men’s sense of self-respect was not so much injured as that of the poorest” (332). This is showing that the rich can act poor or the poor can act rich and you cannot see the difference.

I plan on using this text to answer the question about how many children are actually poor and struggling in education. This will give us a better sense then what the course text gave us. Though the text did not answer the questions in class. This will expand on poverty in thoughts of how many are truly in poverty.

 I found this book in the library while looking through other books. The author is Amy Glasmeier and she is an expert in this area because she did research and found these numbers.

This Atlas will relate to the other books and journals by showing how much poverty there is throughout the United States during certain time periods. With be put into conversation with the other books when talking about health and education. This will show how many children are not getting it but does not show how they can get help like the other books do.

Work cited:

Gandhi, M. “Economic and Moral Progress.” Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2^nd. Ed.

Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. Page 332. Print.

Glasmeier, Amy. An Atlas of Poverty in America. New York, 2006. Page 6,53. Print.

Annotation 5

Anna Johnson and Kate Tarrants etc. main point in their writing was to show that going to a child care center or going to early education when you are young will help you later on in life. It was proven in the tests they did that children who had to early education did better in school not matter if they were living in poverty or not. This is because they know how to socialize and were ahead of the game. The authors also are trying to show that if kids in poverty do early education or go to child care they will succeed more in school. They showed that this would help any ones education poor or rich.

            According to Johnson and Tarrants etc. is that the “First five years of life, often referred to as early childhood, are critical for cognitive, social, and behavioral development” (82). I think they are trying to tell us that children that go to a child care or early education will have a better chance of succeeding in school compared to children that do not.   Johnson and Tarrants etc. said that

“...children of less-educated mothers were less likely to be enrolled in an early childhood education program; although 70% of children whose mothers had graduated from college  attended an early childhood education program, only 38%  of children whose mothers had not graduated from high school were involved in such programs” (86).

I think they are trying to tell us that many kids whose parents are not as educated did not go to childcare and will struggle more in school.  The last quote from Johnson and Tarrants etc. is “Head start suggests that low-income and minority children can make significant gains if in school readiness” (97). They are trying to tell us that if children in poverty go to a head start program they will do better in school.

            I see this source building on the readings from earlier in the semester by adding detail about how families and children can succeed. This will add that children in poverty can get a education but are still going to struggle which was seen in the readings I read earlier in the semester.   I feel like this will inspire the research I am doing because it is telling me that children in poverty can succeed but it needs to start when they are little.  This relates to my essay by showing that education is a huge product in life this specifically looks at Friere and his “problem-posing education” (65). This relates to my research because these children have to be able to solve problems on their own without the help of their families or their parents have to go through and figure out what is best for their child. This is how the essay and research will relate.

            I plan on using this source to answer the question I will be by giving details on how early head start and child care will help a chid in poverty with their education.   This will also help be inspired by Frieres text on educatin and how it is important. The question will be contraindicated by this text because I have text that shows that children in poverty struggle but this is proving that if children are in a head start program or childcare it will not affect the childs wealth statues but make them more  prepared for school.

            This source came from Concordia University’s library and was found on the database.  The authors are Anna Johnson, Kate Tarrant etc. and they are experts in their field because they go through and do research on education and poverty.  This is a chapter out of the book and the chapter is called Early Childhood Education and Care: an Opportunity to Enhance the Lives of Poor Children.

            This will connect to the other sources by showing how poverty does effect education just like the past ones I read. Though this one will have an argument conversation with the other ones because the authors are showing that children in poverty can still get a good education if the parents take advantage of child care and head start which will give the kids an advantage of children who do not do this. This will argue because everyone is saying that poverty effects education and this one is showing a positive outcome.

Works Cited:

Freire, P. “The Banking Concept of Education.” Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2^nd. Ed.

Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. Page 65. Print.

Johnson Anna, Tarrent Kate etc. “Early Childhood Education and Care” Handbook of families

and poverty. Crane, D. Heaton, Tim.  Thousand Oaks, California. Page 82, 87, 96. Print.

Annotation 4

The writer’s main point of this article is to show that there are people that can help the poor more than the government. The articles key points are that if you are in poverty and go to a doctor they will try and help you with the organizations they have. Another key point is the fact that people in poverty usually have poorer health and most do not live as long as the average person. Also, those children in poverty usually do not graduate high school and continue their life in poverty.

A few quotes that I found in this article from Wood “Kids who live in neighborhoods that poor are less likely to participate in sports or after school activities. Economic, social, health, and other factors converge in theses setting to produce more severe, persistent poverty and deprivation that has detrimental impact on the intellectual, emotional, and physical development of children". This is saying that children that grow up in poverty have a harder time socially, do not participate in sports as much and the parents are not there to support them. Wood came to say that “Poverty during a child's early years has a more powerful influence on grade completed than during school years". Children that live in poverty usually do not make it too far into high school. They usually drop out before their senior year but this has to do with the parent relationship they had when they were little.  The last quote from the article I will use from wood is “Children who are poor have higher rates of hospital admissions, disability days, and death rates. They have inadequate access to preventive, curative, and emergency care and are affected more frequently by poor nutrition, single-parent families, dysfunctional families, and poor housing”. This quote right here is saying that children raised in poverty have a hard time to survive due to the lack of nutrition they get and do not live a healthy life style.

This source I see is building off the reading I did already just by adding detail about poverty in life and how they live in poverty. I see this building by showing that poverty is found in every place you look and that is what the course text is starting to show. This source will help extend research of the theme by showing that there is help for these families but they have to go look for it.  Along with showing how people live and how not getting proper nutrition affects your health. Also how hard poverty affects a Childs education.   According to Lameck “...Africans should take control of their own destinies and develop uniquely Africa ways to generate and distribute the wealth” (352). This is saying that people have to take responsibility for their actions and think about what they do before they ruin their lives. Hardin in this quote tells us what happens if the land is not kept clean:

“...the air and water [will] become polluted because they are treated as commons. Further growth in the population or per-capita conversation of natural resources into pollutants will only make the problem worse. The same holds true for the fish in the oceans. Fishing fleets have nearly disappeared in many parts of the world, technological improvements in the art of fishing area hastening the day of complete ruin. Only the replacement of the system of the commons with a responsible system of control will save the land, air, water and oceanic fisheries” (360).

If the area is not taken care of people cannot live properly and this will lead to poor health and nutrition.

I plan on using this source by showing people how education is effected by poverty along with how health is affected by where you live. Children in poverty need help and are not getting due to not having the parents there for support.   This will be inspired by the course text by being able to answer the questions of how they survive. Cause you look at Yunus's writing about how the .22 cents a day does not allow the people to live and you look at today and you see the people still struggling in life.

        I came across this article on Google scholars.  The author is David Wood and he has his MD.   He is an expert in his field. This is an article out of the Official Journal of The American Academy of Pediatrics.

The source will connect to others by talking about education and health. When looking at the other sources they are connecting to each other by all agreeing that being in poverty does affect how long you live and the fact that it will affect the Childs education.   These sources will have good conversations about how long a child will live in poverty and how they do in school and how they will usually drop out before senior year of high school.

Works Cited:

Hardin, Garrett. “Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against Helping the Poor.” Reading the World: Ideas    

That Matter. ^2nd. Ed. Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. Page 360-362. Print.

Lameck, Lucy. “Africans Are Not Poor.” Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2^nd. Ed.

Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. Page 352-354. Print.

Wood, David. “Effect of Child and Family poverty on Child Health in the United States.”   

Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics Vol. 112. Supplement 3 (2003). Print.

Annotation 3

Kristen Moore and Zakia Redds main points was the fact that as poverty is decreasing in the United States there is still a lot of poverty in the States.  They are showing about how hard life is for children in poverty, how hard it is for the children in school and just socially how hard life is. The last key point is that they show how to get out of poverty or how to help families in poverty and that there is a way for these families to live a regular life.

            Some quotes that I found in this article that will help answer my question about survival according to  K. Moore and Z. Redd is “…poor children are more likely to be a low birth weight and to die in the first month of life than children who are not born in poverty” (3). This is trying to show that most likely when the women is pregnant she does not take proper care of herself and the baby is not able to live as long due to the fact of poor nutrition according to Moore and Redd “…poor children are more likely to be raised by single parents and to live in households where there is less parental supervision and more parental distress” (4). Children that live in these kinds of households are expected to get in more trouble, do more poorly in school and have sex at a younger age. The last quote I found is about education from K. Moore and Z. Redd“…early childhood is especially associated with lower cognitive scores and lower school achievement” (4). As children in poverty go to school they struggle more than other children and more likely to produce worse test scores.

            This source will build on the readings I did by showing how poverty just does not affect the other countries and that the poverty seen in Africa is also seen in the United States. This source will be extending my theme by showing how it affects a child’s life. Along with showing me how the child struggles as they grow up in health and education.  This relates to my thematic essay by talking about poverty and how people live. How poverty affects their health and their family due to the fact that they do not have the proper income they need to live. The quote below will relate to my research by proving that this does happen to people in poverty. That the kids die young and the families just start not to care as much as they should. From Gandhi:

“…shows this by dealing with insanitation, life-destroying trades, adulteration, bribery, and gambling. He shows how, with the advance of wealth, justices has become immoral, deaths from alcoholism and suicide have increased, the average of premature births and congenital defects [have] increased, and congenital defects has increased, and prostitution has become an institution” (338).

As the United States is known as rich country it is proven that there is poverty and this quote gives a good thought of how the poor go to the rich nations and poverty is there to and according to Hardin “…each rich nation can be seen as a lifeboat full of comparatively rich people. In the ocean outside each lifeboat swim the poor of the world, who would like to get in or at least to share some of the wealth…” (358).

            I plan on using this source by showing that there is still poverty in the world and even in the United States. I plan on informing my question that is inspired by the course text by looking at the health and education of the children. How some children are not given the chance to get an education or live as long as what they should.

            I found this source on Google scholar.  The author is Kristin Anderson Moore and Zakia Redd. Kristen has her PhD and Zakia has her M.P.P. they are experts they went out and did research on poverty in the United States and looked at the research in a period of 3 years.  This is from the journal of Trends Child Research Brief. With a website of www.childrends.org.

            This source will connect to the others by making a connection of how hard it is for the children to live and how bad their health and education can be.  This article will make one of the best connections because it is going to agree with the other ones. It will have a good connection of how children live and about how their education is not good. When looking at the other resources it also connects by showing that children with a single parent have a harder life then with two parents.

Works Cited:

Gandhi, Mohandas. “Economic and Moral Progress.” Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2^nd. Ed. Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. Page 334-338. Print.

Hardin, Garrett. “Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against Helping the Poor.” Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. ^2nd. Ed. Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. Page 358-362. Print.

Moore, Kristin. Redd, Zakia. “Children in Poverty: Trends, Consequences, and Policy Options” Trends Child Research Brief 54. (2002):  Page 3-4. Print.

Annotation 2

Amanda Paul

English 104

Section #9

Instructor: Ogburn

Assignment #10

            The writer’s main point of this essay was to show that there is poverty in the United States not just in other places. The others main point was that poverty does effect education. The writer looked at the states with poverty and did an experiment to see if their test scores were lower than an area without poverty and it was proven that the children in poverty struggle more at school. Also, the writer’s main point in the other chapter I read in the book was that children coming from a home in poverty were most likely to drop out of high school especially if their parents lived in poverty since they were little.  The writer was trying to show how poverty affected the education of the children and their success in school.

The quote from Chapter 4 that stood out to me that Edwards said is “In 2002, the federal no Child Left Behind Act mandated the closing of the learning gap between low-income children and more advantage children. Now, all states are expected to conduct annual testing their public schools to assess the learning gap, although each state is permitted to devise its own system for accomplishing this objective” (49). This is saying that no child will be left alone ever in school and that the teachers and school will work with these children.  Along with saying that  Edwards also said that “...public elementary schools with economically   disadvantage student bodies are not closing the learning gap in reading, mathematics, or science, but neither are they falling farther behind” (61). The quote is trying to tell us that from the research they did in Kentucky is showing the schools with children in poverty are behind but it is also saying that other schools in the state are also behind in education. The last quote from the family and other baseline correlates of GED goes to say from Richard “ Elementary school children from single-parent families, many of whom are likely to be poor, might have greater need with more long –term consequences  in light of more limited human capital than is the case of children of two-parent families” (97). Children that are in poverty and with just one parent needs more help in education and wanting to be educated, then a child with two parents.

            This source I feel like is showing me that there is poverty in the United States to and more than what most people would think there is.   This is showing that education and survival is big, if the children do not get it they will not survive.   This is going to extend my research by giving us numbers of children that do not succeed in school due to poverty, also on how this will affect the survival rate of children.  This resource relates to my thematic essay by showing how important education is and how poverty can affect an area with not having an education. There is no quote that pertains to children and education but the one that makes me think the most would have to be Yunus and how he was education his students on poverty and showing his students how people live in poverty. Though the essay does not have any direct quotes to fit into the research does not mean it will not work it is able to relate to Yunus and also to Freire and his education of talking about  from Freire“problem posing” (62).

            I plan on using this source by taking numbers out of the graphs and trying to prove that an education does affect a Childs survival rate. Also I will use the source to show that a parent’s behavior affects a Childs education purpose.   This relates to the test by answering the questions of how do children live in an environment and how do they children get education. For example, looking at Yunus’s writing and seeing how the families had no money. How could the children go to school knowing that they had no idea of what was for dinner or if they were even having dinner?   How can you live in poverty came up as an interesting question and how many children live in poverty and struggle in life came into mind with reading the course text. This book will help answer these questions that I have asked.

            This source came from the library and I came across it by looking on the database for a book on poverty.   The author of chapter four is Edward Reevses and the author of the chapter six is Richard Caputo.  They are did research and presented it in an expert way.  This is book of child Poverty in America Today Volume 3. 

            This will connect to my other sources I have read by showing that education to affect the child if they are in poverty. It will connect by looking at the health of the children and their surroundings. Along with making an agreement with other sources about education and children in poverty are generally behind in school.  

Works Cited:

Caputo, Richard. “Family and Other Baseline Correlates of GED versus Other Academic Attainment Statuses among Adolescents”.  Child Poverty In America Volume 2. 2007.Page 97. Print.

  Freire, Paulo. “The Banking Concept of Education.” Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2^nd. Ed. Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. 62-65. Print.

Reeves, Edward. “Are Children In Poverty closing the Learning Gap?  Education Reform and Elemantry School Perfomrance in Kentucky”.  Child Poverty In America Volume 3. 2007.Page 49,61. Print.