Annotation 8

Amanda Paul

English 104

Section #9

Instructor: Ogburn

      Assignment #13

The Authors of Economic Deprivation and Early Childhood Development are Greg Duncan and Jeanne Brooks-Genn et al. The authors main points of the article was to show that it’s just not immigrants that struggle in poverty that there are whites that struggle with poverty.  Along with showing that poverty does effect the education of the children in poverty. Another main point was that children in poverty that came just from singe parented families struggled more in school and generally did not succeed as much. The last main topic was that economically it did effect a child’s education and health.

            A quote from Duncan and Genn et al. is showing the values that affect a child in poverty.  This quote goes to show that if kids do not live in a great area they will struggle more and all of this will affect how they grow up. Duncan and Genn et al. go to say

“…neighborhood resources explanations, based on the beneficial effects of higher-quality public and private services; contagion theories, based primarily on power of peer influences to spread problem behavior; theories of collective socialization, in which neighborhood role models and monitoring are important ingredients in a child’s socialization; competition theories, in which  neighbors compete for scarce neighborhood resources; and theories of relative deprivation, in which individuals evaluate their instuation or relative standing vis-avis their neighbors” (298)

Duncan and Genn go to define what poverty in the United States is. This is important because they are defining what the poverty level is in the United States. Duncan and Genn et al. go to say

            “Family-level poverty. - The measurement of “official” U.S. Poverty is based on a set of income thresholds that were developed in the 1960s and are adjusted each year for changes in the cost of living using the Consumer Price Index. In 1991, U.S. poverty thresholds for families of three, four, and five persons were $10,860, $13,924, and $16,460, respectively. Families with annual cash incomes, before taxes, that exceed these thresholds are considered “not poor,” while families with income falling below them are poor” (300).

The last quote that I found that will be important is talking about schooling of the children. The authors looked at the mother’s education and the child’s educations. According to Duncan and Gunn et al.

“Mother’s school has a highly significant beneficial association with all three outcomes, whereas living arrangement in which a female head is present all of the time or at least at the time of 60-month measurement have signified can detrimental effects. Before adjustment for family income  differences,  children living with never-married mothers all the time have 5-point lower IQs and 4-point higher internalizing and 3-point higher externalizing scores on the behavior-problem index than children in families in which there was never a female head” (305).

            I see this source building on the reading I did so far by expanding on poverty in the United States and how it is just not all immigrants that struggle. I see this extending on it by showing that whites also struggle in the United States and the United States is known as rich country. This relates to Lucy Lameck by her arguing that “… I don’t agree at all that our country is poor and that Tanzanians are poor people. Our country today has value, it has riches, it has culture, it has people, it has agriculture, it has good land it has animals, different types of livestock, minerals…” (353). This will agree with this article that the United States is not poor though the researchers are showing that the country is poor in some parts just like Tanzania.

            I plan on using this source to show that there is poverty in the United States. Also, to show that it is just not immigrants that is not poor that there are whites that are also poor in the United States. I see this source to answer the question about poverty and how growing up in poverty will effect education of the child. Also it shows family history of the parents not graduating high school and how it affects the children while they are little and still affect them were they do not succeed to graduate high school.

            I found this source on JSTOR, the authors are Greg Duncan, Brooks-Genn etc.  These authors are all experts in this field. They are experts because they went and did studies on poverty and children.  This came from the Journal of Society for Research in Child Development. The article is Volume 65 and number 2 of Children and Poverty. 

             I see this source connecting  others that I have been annotating by showing that poverty is seen in whites were other articles do not say what race they looked at. This will agree though that education is affected by poverty. Along with that the marriage of the parent also affects the children’s education.

Works Cited

Duncan, Greg. Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne. Et al. “Economic Deprivation and Early Childhood

Development.”  Child Development Vol 65. 2(1994): Page 298-305. Print.

Lameck, Lucy. “Africans Are Not Poor.” Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2^nd. Ed.

Michael Austin. New York: Norton, 2003. Page 353. Print.